Rome+by+DP+and+PR

  PR, DP and JK **
 * A n c i e n t  R O M <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(255,255,255); background-color: rgb(255,255,0);">E <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);"> **
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; background: white; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">(753 B.C.E. - 476 A.D) ****<span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">

2. The life and teachings of Jesus ** 4. Important followers of Jesus (apostles) <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">5. Republic ** <span style="color: rgb(255,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);"><span style="color: rgb(255,0,209); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">**7. Pax Romana** 9. Decline of the Roman Republic 10. Roman Achievements **
 * <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(255,255,255); background-color: rgb(255,0,209);">Top 10 things to know about Rome! **
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">1. Important Roman Rulers
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">3. Persecution of Christians
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">8. Diaspora

<span style="font-size: 14pt; background: white; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">FOR MORE IN DEPTH ON THE TOP TEN LIST SCROLL DOWN <span style="color: rgb(255,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);"> ** ~ <span style="font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(0,255,255);">JK & <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(0,255,0);">PR <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);"> & <span style="background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"> DP **

<span style="color: rgb(255,255,255); background-color: rgb(255,0,255);">**<span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(255,255,255); background-color: rgb(255,84,0);">Vocabulary words for Rome... ** <span style="color: rgb(255,84,0);"><span style="color: rgb(255,84,0);"><span style="color: rgb(255,84,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);"><span style="color: rgb(255,84,0);">1)**Republic**- a form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by the people 2)**Patrician**- wealthy aristocrat (could vote)-upper class, Ancient Rome 3)**Plebeian**- common farmer, middle class, Rome 4)**Tribune**- Roma official by plebeians to protect rights 5)**Consul**- 2 elected to lead army, powerful government leader 6)**Senate**- government body, aristocrats 7)**Dictator**- absolute power for limited time 8)**Legion**- military unit of 5,000 foot soldiers and horses 9)**Triumvirate**- 3 leaders that control the government 10)**Absolute Ruler**- ruler with total power 11)**Constantine**- leader who helped spread Christianity after having the vision of Jesus 12)**Heresy**- different beliefs than the official Christian church 13)**Pax Romana**- 27 B.C.E. to 100 AD time of Roman peace and prosperity 14)**Gravitas**- Roman values of discipline, strength, and loyalty 15)**Inflation**- a time when prices go up and money value goes down 16)**Mercenary**- soldier paid to fight in a foreign army 17)**Gladiators**- slave that become a professional fighter that had to fight until death (Roman entertainment) 18)**The Huns**- helped bring end to the empire 19)**Aqueducts**- carried water into cities by channel 20)**Jesus**- leader of Christianity 21)**Apostle**- follower of Jesus; spread teachings 22)**Peter**- first apostle; starts church, first Pope (wrote Epistles of Peter) 23)**Paul**- disliked Christianity at first;converted then spread teachings later 24)**Bishop**- head of each individual church 25)**Pope**- head/father of church (leads Christian church) ** ~ <span style="font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(0,255,255);">JK & <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(0,255,0);">PR <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);"> & <span style="background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"> DP ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255,255,0);">

<span style="color: rgb(255,255,255); background-color: rgb(114,114,243);">** Important Concepts ** <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">**Republic:** <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">A form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote, to select their leaders. In Rome, patricians were the aristocratic land owners who held most of the power while plebeians were the common farmers, artisans, and merchants which made up the majority of the population. Patricians, being noble, were born into power and thus were able to make laws for Rome and its people. Due to this issue the senate allowed for the plebeians to elect representatives called tribunes so that their opinions could be heard too. Thus both patricians and plebeians could be heard. <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">**Twelve Tables:** In 450 B.C.E the twelve tables were written by the Roman senate in order to concede to the demands of the plebeians. This written set of law gave all Romans the right to a Jury of peers, the right to claim innocence until proven guilty, the right to know the charges held against them, and the right to defend themselves. With the twelve tables there was a semblance of stable government, and being that it was written everybody knew what the rules were and could not twist them. Most importantly the twelve tables were not only a way to keep things fair but also a way to put a stop to the abuse of power (for a time anyway). ** ~ <span style="font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(0,255,255);">JK & <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(0,255,0);">PR <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);"> & <span style="background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"> DP **
 * Life in Imperial Rome:**
 * <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">Gravitas- Roman values (things to live by) of discipline strength and loyalty
 * <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">Heart of society- family
 * <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">Paterfamilias (father): rule household- control property and banish family member
 * <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">Roman women: upper class women an household/ had authority, more personal freedom than women in Greece, could own property and testify in court but not vote, lower class women worked jobs
 * <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">Romans favored boys of girls
 * <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">Slaves: important to economy, property of owners, gladiators
 * <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">Gods and Goddesses: numina (divine forces and powerful spirits), Lares (guardian of spirits of each family), took Greek gods and gave them roman names, government and religion are linked, expected to honor them with private rituals at shrines and public worship, worship of an emperor also became part of official religion, religions of Asia similar to Rome
 * <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">Wealth and social status are important on how people live
 * <span style="color: rgb(114,114,243);">Government provided free games, races, gladiator contest, etc.

<span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">1. Important Roman Rulers **<span style="color: rgb(236,81,81);"> <span style="color: rgb(236,81,81);">**<span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">2. The life and teachings of Jesus ** <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">**3. Persecution of Christians-** Romans persecute Christians (scapegoats for political/ economic trouble), Nero does this, Pax Romana crumbles and it becomes worse (crucified, burned, put into arena) <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">**5. Republic**//-// <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">a form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by the people <span style="color: rgb(255,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">**<span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">7. Pax Romana -** A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire lasting from 27 B.C.E. to 180 AD <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">**10. Roman Achievments** <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);"><span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Romans influence: preserving and adding to Greek, strengthen western traditions. <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0);">** ~ <span style="font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(0,255,255);">JK & <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(0,255,0);">PR <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);"> & <span style="background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"> DP **
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,255,255); background-color: rgb(255,0,209);">Details on the top ten!
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Julius Caesar- General who brought Gaul under Roman control. Last leader of Roman Republic.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Augustus (Octavian)- Founder/first ruler of the Roman Empire. One of the most powerful rulers of his time, yet he lived a very simple and humble life.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Diocletian- Tried to save the Roman Empire by splitting it in half.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Jesus borne in Bethlehem in Judea in 4-6 BC, born a Jew and Roman subject, raised in Nazareth in northern Palestine, was a carpenter
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">He preached, did good works, performed miracles, teachings had many Jewish ideas, believed in one god, 10 commandments, God’s personal relationship, had 12 disciples, main source of knowledge were Gospels and the 4 books of the New Testament of the Bible
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Jesus= popular, concerns Jews and Romans, He goes to Jerusalem and people think he is the Messiah, but Jew chief priests deny it calling him blasphemy’s, He gets arrested and nailed to a wooden cross Christ in Greek means Messiah or savior
 * 4. Important followers of Jesus (apostles)**
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Peter- First Apostle who later led led the followers of Jesus to spread his teachings throughout Syria and Palestine. He was also the first Pope of the Christian church.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Paul- An apostle who had a vision of Christ and later spread and interpreted Jesus' teachings for the rest of his life
 * 6. Empire-** A political unit in which a number of peoples of countries are controlled by a single ruler
 * 8. Diaspora-** The dispersal of Jews from their homeland in Palestine- especially during the period of more than 1,800 years that followed the Roman's destruction of the temple of Jerusalem in 70 AD
 * 9. Decline of the Roman Republic**
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus help Rome poor (get them land)= get killed= period of Civil War
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Rise of politically powerful military leaders: Gaius Marius vs Lucious Sulla(wins)
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">1st Triumvirate: 60 BC Caesar, Pompey and Crassus
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Caesar defeats Gaul and becomes popular, refuses to leave despite senate orders from Pompey=Pompey vs Caesar now
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Caesar defeats Pompey (chases him through Italy defeats Pompey in Greece, Asia, Spain and Egypt)
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Caesar= absolute ruler, grants Roman citizen ship to many, expands senate, helps poor (created jobs- construction of buildings), increases pay for soldiers
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Caesar gets killed by senate fearing his growing power
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Civil war breaks out after Caesar’s death
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">2nd Triumvirate: Caesar’s 18 year old grand nephew (Octavian), mark Anthony and Lepidus
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">2nd Trimuvirate ends with Lepidus retiring (forced), Octavian vs. Marc Anthony, fight in Anatolia, Mark Anthony loves Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, Anthony follows her to Egypt, another Civil war erupts, Octavia defeats Anthony and Cleopatra’s forces in Actium (31 BC), Anthony and Cleopatra commit suicide
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Octavia restores republic, restores senate, but was unchallenged ruler of Rome, became “Augusts” (exalted one), and kept title of imperator (supreme military commander- emperor)
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Latin: language of Rome even after it fell, official language of Roman Catholic Church into 20th century, adopted by people and developed into French, Spanish, Italian, Romania (Romance Languages), English
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Architecture, Engineering, Technology: arch, dome, Coliseum, Aqueducts (engineers bring water into cities and towns), Thomas Jefferson began Roman revival in US in 18th century- US Capitol has roman feature
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Roman roads were technological- vast network of roads
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Roman System of Law: lasting contribution
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Early Roman law: rights of Roman citizens
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Empire grew: laws that apply fair and equally to all people rich and poor), created standards of justice
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,209);">Principles of law: equal treatment, innocent until prove guilty, burden of proof rests with accuser, persons punished for only actions not thoughts, unreasonable laws should b set aside

<span style="color: rgb(255,255,255); background-color: rgb(128,0,0);">** Mini DBQ: ** <span style="color: rgb(128,0,0);"> A VOICE FROM THE PAST... "I had no shield with me but i snatched one from a soldier in the rear ranks and went forward to the front line. Once there, I called to all the centurions by name and shouted encouragement to the rest of the men... My arrival gave the troops fresh hope..." Julius Caesar, Commentaries <span style="color: rgb(128,0,0);">Above is a picture of the Colleseum, which was used as an arena for Roman sports and entertainment.

<span style="color: rgb(128,0,0);">Above is a map of Ancient Rome that depicts the stages of Roman expansion through the growth of the empire. ** ~ <span style="font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(0,255,255);"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(0,255,255);">JK <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">& <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(0,255,0);"> PR <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0,0,0); background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">& <span style="background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"> DP ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(255,255,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,0,255);"> Check out this web page for info on Pax Romana: []